This Study looks at an appraisal of landholding size and socio-economic status of rural households, the case of AbayiChommanWereda, Oromia Regional State. The main objective of this study is to assess and appraise landholding size and the socio-economic status of the rural households in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were collected for this purpose. Descriptive statistics such as minimum, maximum, and mean were used to describe respondents in terms of family size, landholding size, income, and age. The percentage was also employed to analyze and interpret respondents' sociocultural and socio-economic characteristics and finally, rank indices were used to analyze and rank agricultural technologies used by the respondents to improve crop productions. Finally, the researcher recommended, Extensive family planning should be provided to limit the family size of the households to get sufficient land size, AbayiChomanWoreda and local DAs should provide continuous training for the rural households about the use of traditional and modern agricultural technologies, Stakeholders should extensively apply and use both traditional and modern irrigation to enhance income and food for the households, Local DAs should provide households methods of conservation and management of their fragmented land.