Many studies have found that manual task activities at the workplace impose multiple risks such as awkward body posture, forceful exertion, repetitive motion and these factors are not exhaustive. Such risks give implications to the workers’ health as work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) begins to develop which can impair not only their quality of life, but also in work performance. The aircraft maintenance workers are equally affected to some extent, as their main tasks still involve manual activities since human skills and judgments are indispensable in this line of industry. Therefore, a study on WMSD and its association with work performance among aircraft maintenance personnel is needed since very limited research was performed in the past. Hence, this paper discusses work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) and its influence on aviation maintenance personnel, especially on work performance and productivity. The existing models on the relationship between WMSD and work performance are discussed and a new conceptual framework is proposed for the workers in the aviation maintenance industry.