Concerns are increasing about heavy metals in soil that harm human health and the integrity of ecosystems. Traditional treatment methods are insufficient to solve the problem. Therefore, new and sustainable methods should be investigated. Removal of heavy metals from the soil matrix through microbial and chemical treatments are a great concern these days. Many chemical methods for the soil improvement involve the use of lime, phosphate, zeolites, and chelating agents. The application of these changes also changed the physical and chemical properties of the soil, led to the formation of stable metal complexes or the precipitation of poorly soluble metals. Although chemical treatment is fast and effective, its long-term impact on the environment is worth considering. Alternatively, bacteria can metabolize the contaminated soil by removing the heavy metals, which is the basic concept of microbial remediation. In addition to iron transfer, bacteria and viruses can reduce iron mobility and facilitate plant growth or mineralization. This method of bioremediation is generally environmentally friendly because it employs the natural processes and minimizes the need for external inputs. However, environmental conditions and other soil diseases can affect its performance. A combination of chemical and microbial remediation strategies can provide an integrated approach to remediating heavy metals in soil. The interaction between chemical treatments and microbial methods may provide further solutions in terms of an effective remediation of heavy metals contamination in soil.