Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an integrated approach to deal with the impacts of climate change while promoting agricultural productivity and food security. This study investigates the potential of CSA in enhancing rural development and food security through effective resources management, adaptable farming practices, and policy reforms. The study accesses CSA activities by using a participatory approach across various agro-ecological zones. A mixed method approach used, to combine primary data from field trials and farmer interviews with secondary data gathered from agricultural reports and climatic records. The results indicate enhanced environmental sustainability and resilience while significantly improving agricultural production. Moreover, carbon sequestration and afforestation are among the most critical strategies that help mitigate climate change, build agricultural resilience, and promote sustainable rural development. The study aims to provide Strong policy framework for provision of subsidies and to overcome barriers that hinders CSA adoption. The study concludes that CSA is essential to sustainable agricultural transformation. The authors call on policymakers and other stakeholders to put it at the forefront to ensure global food security and rural prosperity. Additionally, Carbon sequestration and afforestation in CAS strategies can build on strengthening resilience, supporting sustainable development, and ensuring food security under climate variability.