It's tougher than ever to create and follow through on international agreements these days. This is changing the way governments and diplomats have worked together for a long time. This research looks at the various issues that make it hard to create international agreements in the world today. It looks at the political, technical, and legal elements that are now the most important in deciding how well treaties work and how lawful they are. The study employs the PRISMA framework and a systematic literature review to look at scholarly papers produced between 2023 and 2025 in key academic databases. The research looks at contemporary problems with international agreements, especially in the fields of cybersecurity, how to control artificial intelligence, how multipolarity works, and how international law is changing. the findings demonstrate that the shift from a unipolar to a multipolar international system has radically altered traditional consensus-building mechanisms, with emerging powers such as China, India, and Russia challenging Western-dominated institutional frameworks, this shift in global politics has led to a clash of national interests, a decline in trust in multilateral institutions, and a proliferation of bilateral agreements concluded through existing international organizations, the pace of technological progress, particularly in areas such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and digital trade, has outpaced the adaptability of traditional treatymaking procedures, leading to significant regulatory gaps and implementation problems, contemporary international agreements face significant challenges in how they are implemented, how they are interpreted, and how clear they are in court, the lack of effective monitoring and compliance frameworks has led to more unilateral withdrawals and selective enforcement, making international law less credible. It's challenging to get a real global agreement since people have diverse ideas and feelings about critical issues like sovereignty, human rights, and digital governance. The study implies that a single framework might help make establishing treaties between countries more fruitful. This means leveraging the latest technology to keep an eye on compliance, creating independent international oversight groups, and building governance mechanisms that can keep up with technology that changes swiftly. The study helps us understand how modern international relations operate by looking at the structural problems that make it impossible to run the globe in a way that works in a world order that is becoming more complex and split apart.