Rapid urbanization and the intensifying impacts of climate change present unprecedented challenges to cities worldwide. Sustainable urban planning has become an important approach to increase the resilience of cities, environmental resilience and inclusive socio-economic growth. The current paper examines how sustainable urban planning can help promote climate change adaptation through green infrastructure, renewable energy systems, sustainable transportation, and resiliency in housing. It emphasizes the role of nature-based solutions in alleviating the impact of heat island, managing stormwater, and improving air quality, and in biodiversity support by forested urban areas, wetlands, and green roofs. Also, the paper focuses on the significance of participatory governance, policy coherence, and novel financing mechanisms in long-term sustainability. Using international best practices and example of developing and developed countries, the paper highlights that sustainable adaptation must be based on a multi-scaled approach that is both holistic and balancing environmental integrity with social equity and economic development. Finally, sustainable urban planning is a way out not just to resist the negative impact of climate change, but to envision a city as a center of resilience, innovation, and sustainability.